エキソサイトーシス（Exocytosis）とは細胞外への分泌形態の一つ。開口分泌とも言う。細胞内で合成された物質（蛋白質など）は分泌顆粒内に貯留され、開口分泌によって分泌される。
分泌顆粒は細胞内線維群の働きによって細胞質内を移動し、細胞膜へと接近する。そして分泌顆粒膜外層が細胞膜内層と、分泌顆粒膜内層が細胞膜外層と融合する。これにより分泌顆粒内腔が細胞外界と連絡し、顆粒内容物は細胞外へと遊出する。細胞膜と融合した顆粒膜は、そのまま新たな細胞膜となるか、細胞内へ再び戻る。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9
Exocytosis (/ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs/[1][2]) is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis) by secreting them through an energy-dependent process. Exocytosis and its counterpart, endocytosis, are used by all cells because most chemical substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic portion of the cell membrane by passive means. Exocytosis is in process a large amount of molecules are released thus making it a form of bulk transport.
In exocytosis, membrane-bound secretory vesicles are carried to the cell membrane, and their contents (i.e., water-soluble molecules) are secreted into the extracellular environment. This secretion is possible because the vesicle transiently fuses with the plasma membrane. In the context of neurotransmission, neurotransmitters are typically released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis; however, neurotransmitters can also be released via reverse transport through membrane transport proteins.
Exocytosis is also a mechanism by which cells are able to insert membrane proteins (such as ion channels and cell surface receptors), lipids, and other components into the cell membrane. Vesicles containing these membrane components fully fuse with and become part of the outer cell membrane.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocytosis
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